ABSTRACT
This is the conclusive chapter of Part II. Within the Middle East and North Africa region, Gulf Council Cooperation countries have significantly progressed in their open banking strategies. The European open banking policies and experiences (e.g., EU and UK) were widely observed for creating open banking frameworks aligned to the countries’ growth strategies. Bahrain was the first to launch its open banking regulation and is now planning a transition to open finance. The chapter also considers the progress made by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the initiatives planned in the United Arab Emirates and the recent open finance services regulation issued in Jordan. These frameworks can be inspirational to other countries and give further impetus to the development of open banking across the region.
