ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that science and technology became powerful instruments in the effective exercise and legitimisation of the colonial state and its power, as well as in the development of the imperial map of India. It deals with the diffusion of Western sciences and technology in the second phase, which was notable for the establishment of universities in the presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1857 and 25 years later in Lahore, the capital of Panjab. Growth of nationalist sentiment and anger against the scarcities during the inter-war period, as well as against the insensitive and brutal handling of the anti-Rowlatt agitation in the Punjab, had a dampening effect on the expansion of the government college, Lahore, which provided instruction in arts and sciences as an extended centre of Panjab university. The preceding narrative of the development of modern sciences in the Panjab university before partition demonstrated clearly that a number of constraints.
