ABSTRACT
This chapter appeals to the timeless problem of expertise versus folk experience applied to contemporary urban planning, management, and day-to-day operations. For example, municipal professionals typically have the training required to keep residents safe, keep city services operating, and plan for new challenges. Still, history shows that professionals’ best efforts fail to consider one or more stakeholder groups meaningfully. Municipal officials have “urban power,” the force to shape the city. The fact that residents protest municipal operations such as water management and zoning suggest they can fail. Measures that link professionals to stakeholders are the way forward. Such efforts are cooperative city planning, “co-planning,” a term that employs cooperation to respect both forms of knowledge. This measure is the fulcrum that can institute moral ordering. This chapter investigates these aspects, showing how they exist in gradations and their limits.
