ABSTRACT
To reap the benefits of the demographic dividend there is a need to focus on improving the quality of life of people and provide them meaningful livelihoods through an integrated approach. It is possible to do this without paring the budgets of other sectors. Programmes for the poor must be limited in number and systemic deficiencies in existing programmes removed. The private sector must remain the driver in all economic sectors which requires a supportive economic and political environment. The healthcare system must be reformed with a focus on primary healthcare, preventive and promotive health, and a well-functioning referral system. Food security for the most vulnerable needs cash transfers. Young children and women need priority attention. School education reform must focus on removing the alienation of both parents and children, improving learning outcomes, and changing the negative perception of government schools. Livelihood strategies must have an urban-centric approach and need to be all-encompassing, with priority to small businesses and women. Changing patriarchal mindsets is vital. Urban areas require a fresh approach with priority on improving quality of life and focusing on the poor. An estimated additional spend of ₹4,000 billion annually can radically transform the lives of the people which is fiscally sustainable.
