ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews Ahad Ha'am's concept of the Jewish State and their problems. Nordau’s address on the general condition of the Jews was a sort of introduction to the business of the Congress. But if the Jewish State sets out to save all those Jews who are in the grip of the material problems, or most of them, by turning them into agriculturists in Palestine, then it must first find the necessary capital. The material problem, then, will not be ended by the foundation of a Jewish State, nor, generally speaking, does it lie in people power to end it. Thus Jews are driven to the conclusion that the only true basis of Zionism is to be found in the other problem, the moral one. But the moral problem appears in two forms, one in the West and one in the East; and this fact explains the fundamental difference between Western “Zionism” and Eastern Chibbath Zion.
