ABSTRACT
Technologies for digital fabrication such as 3D printing and computer numerical control (CNC) machining are used by designers to build scale models and custom parts. Designers use digital fabrication to precisely reconstruct scale models of cities or landscapes from data such as airborne lidar. They also use digital fabrication to rapidly build scale models of computationally designed buildings or landforms. Digital fabrication is also used for non-standard construction, for building unique, custom elements [31, 25, 19]. Landscape architects digitally fabricate site models and custom elements such as fountains, benches, and paving. CNC machining was used, for example, to cut stonework for the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain by Gustafson Porter + Bowman [32], the fountain for CityCenterDC by Gustafson Guthrie Nichol [22], the retaining walls for the National Museum of African American Culture and History by Gustafson Guthrie Nichol [17], and the paving, wall, and benches for Dilworth Park by Olin Studio [21]. Digital fabrication is also used to build works of public art such as the Faces of Elysian by Greenmeme [12].
