Introduction

For centuries, philosophers and scientists have discussed the concept, origin, and value of truth without ever reaching a conclusive interpretation of its nature or even the very notion of truth. A loss of a memory data or its replacement with a ‘new’ or false memory can result from brain damage or occur in ‘normotype’ people. Sometimes the memory trace is lost in the void or has become inaccessible. In other cases, however, a quick analysis suggests that the present is so important and uses up so many mental resources that there is little interest, time or desire to investigate the past, so it is rejected or replaced. More frequently, however, providing a false answer can be motivated by a memory or attention lapse, or by the expediency of telling a falsehood that is similar to – but more useful or pleasant than – the truth. The chapter also presents an overview on the key concepts discussed in this book.