ABSTRACT
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, artificial intelligence and robotics will likely change the shape and interaction of global value chains (GVCs), particularly the drivers of multinational enterprise investment. New technologies may be influencing the location of economic activities in new ways, including both production and research and development centres. Public policy oriented towards the green transition should carefully take into account the interconnected nature of regional economies and their impacts and implications for GVCs. Data limitations make it difficult to track the complex subnational geographies of GVCs and only allow for a high-level representation of the distribution of GVC stages globally. Many of the reshaping vertical policies outlined are for the GVCs of today. However, the creation of value chains through new technologies with horizontal policies ready for change is also necessary. The future of GVCs is influenced by new environmental concerns, legislations and actions.
