ABSTRACT
Since market performance is strongly driven by whether a company underperforms or overperforms when pitched against expectations, analysts were subsequently thrilled when those companies that they had underestimated performed better than expected. In addition, the more narcissistic the participants were, the more negatively humility was seen – closer to shame, humiliation and low self-esteem. Board members also regularly speak publicly of their own humility as regards the tasks, responsibility and honors they face or receive. In other words, the external observer cares little about what dozens of other reasons might have contributed to the success of the company. The rapid changes, the obligation to cooperate more with customers and even with competitors, requires a different mental attitude. In the age of New Work with fewer status symbols to go around, with the clear need to share and distribute leadership, there is no room left for individual hubris and excessive ego.
