ABSTRACT
Philosophy has always been confronted with the empirical, scientific and cultural data and knowledge of its time. In recent centuries philosophy has mainly referred to physical-mathematical knowledge. The book at hand argues that it is useful for philosophy to deal with the data and knowledge of biology and neuroscience. In fact, the symbolic dimension and the concept of “information” are closely linked with DNA (biology), the psyche and language (cognitive and social neuroscience). This means that the main characteristics of living organisms (autonomy, existence, information, irreversibility of time, teleonomy, complexity and uncertainty) must be placed at the center of philosophical reflection. The need to move towards this new paradigm, based on biology and neuroscience, allows us to propose a new path of philosophical training on both the individual and the institutional levels. According to this new paradigm, four-tenths of the path are occupied by philosophical topics: (1) history of philosophy, (2) theoretical philosophy, (3) moral philosophy, (4) philosophy of science, while one-tenth of the of the overall path should be dedicated, respectively, to: (5) physical-mathematical knowledge, (6) biology and genetics, (7) the evolution of hominids and the organizational models of human societies, (8) the nature of information, (9) cognitive and social neuroscience and (10) language sciences. Within this new paradigm, a central element of reflection must be dedicated to the symbolic nature of information, DNA, psyche and language.
