ABSTRACT
In order to identify the role of key stakeholders in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in measuring and building resilience in the MENA Region, it is important to define who these key stakeholders are, how they operate in the two areas of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and DRR, and in which stage of DRR they are most involved to enhance climate resilience. More research questions are raised in this chapter in order to explore the mechanisms of engaging key stakeholders in assessments of urban resilience and how their level of engagement in the decision-making process can be measured. On the one hand, and in the context of fragility, conflict, and displacement, informal operators play an important role in communicating with the most vulnerable groups of internally displaced populations and refugees because of the governmental and institutional restrictions regarding their accessibility, human mobility, and employability in such settings. On the other hand, the lack of monitoring protracted displacement patterns is intensified with local government legislation and restrictions of humanitarian operations, limiting the level of engagement with informal operators. Accordingly, the aim of this chapter is to frame a clear understanding of how key stakeholders involved in DRR operate and engage in measuring and building urban resilience in fragile and conflictual settings of MENA in order to capture their interactions with informal and formal operators and support the building of urban resilience to climate change.
