ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes a third refraction of iḥsān as service to others through the example of Shaykh Khalid bin Tunis and the ʿAlāwiyya. It describes his role as social critic, his vision of social reform, and some of the institutions developed to implement that reform. It presents a theory of socially engaged spirituality that is connected to practices of ethical giving, which is taken up at the end of the chapter in relation to discussions of charity.
