Language, Reading and Writing

Review studies in Language, Reading and Writing tended to combine school students with higher education students, but the outcomes were positive for the effects of metacognition. Four studies in Language were reported, seven in Reading and six in Writing. A number of studies (especially in Language) were of English as a Foreign Language students rather than native speakers. Almost all studies reported positive outcomes for metacognitive interventions of various sorts, except for one with doubtful intervention with disadvantaged students. Earlier studies tended to over-rely on student questionnaires.