ABSTRACT
The Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQs) are available in 2-, 4-, and 9-item versions. They have also been widely adopted by many health organizations. They are not specific to postpartum depression but have been validated for use with pregnant and postpartum women. The original scale (PHQ-9) was based on the 9 symptoms of major depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition (DSM-5). The shorter versions are easier to implement in clinical settings. The PHQ-4 also measures anxiety.
