ABSTRACT
Russia-Ukraine energy conflicts combined the complex conjunction of geopolitical and commercial motivations based on the unique history of bilateral affairs. Even though actual commercial motivations prevailed in the Russia-Belarus energy conflicts, political factors also played an important role in containing the difficulties of the integration projects. Political and geopolitical motivations prevailed in the Russia-Azerbaijan energy conflicts in comparison with a commercial determinant. Political and commercial motivations coexisted in the energy conflict between Russia and Bulgaria. RECSID disclosed that China-Russia energy conflicts were mostly determined by commercial disputes. More than 50% of the total energy conflicts between Russia and the USA were related to unilateral sanctions against Russian energy companies after 2014. RECSID revealed that the majority of Russia's energy conflicts have commercial motivation. Acute energy conflicts that could last a long time with more stiff tools such as a total stop of the energy supply could have geopolitical motivation.
