ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of cellulosic materials, their manufacturing, and related sustainability challenges, spanning from traditional wood-based materials to tree-free alternatives such as hemp. It gives the history of papermaking, including the transition to wood as the dominant material in the twentieth century. The chapter describes the process steps for pulp manufacturing, paper making, carton making, and timber manufacturing. It also covers the complexities of recycling various cellulosic materials. The chapter addresses critical environmental concerns surrounding the paper pulp and timber industry, emphasizing the importance of responsible sourcing and sustainable practices. It explores the importance of responsible forestry and the significance of certification and legislation for the protection of global forests. The chapter also evaluates the performance of paper and ancillary materials such as printing ink, varnishes, and foils against environmental criteria, considering factors like water consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. It discusses the role of alternative cellulosic fibers such as hemp in meeting the growing demand for paper and pulp-based products. An interview provides insights into the ambitions of the pulp and paper industry in the coming years, emphasizing the shift toward alternative fibers to protect ancient and endangered forests.
