ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the role of plastics in our contemporary world, analyzing the many advantages as well as pressing environmental and human health problems associated with plastics. It provides an overview of the historical development of plastics, their manufacturing processes, and an in-depth discussion of the major polymers like polyethylene, polypropylene, and PVC. The chapter discusses the significance of plastic additives and contaminants, shedding light on their toxicity and the challenge of finding safer alternatives while retaining the original function. In addition to plastics toxicity to humans, it explores the problem of global ocean plastic pollution. Further, the chapter provides insights into industry initiatives to tackle these problems. An expert from Malaysia shares her perspective on the evolving landscape of the plastics industry regarding waste management, circular economy, and decarbonization. Finally, the chapter discusses approaches to reduce conventional plastics production, including design changes, material replacements, recycling improvements, and biodegradable alternatives along with the challenges of each approach.
