ABSTRACT
The Comintern also adopted Marx's phrase ‘the proletarian-socialist revolution’, derived from the original meaning of the ‘proletarian revolution’, which meant, in turn, that the capitalist social stage was replaced by the socialist stage. The ‘bourgeois-democratic revolution’ was terminology coined basically to fit the East; its leadership had to be spearheaded by the local Communist party. In the Comintern's approaches to the Eastern question the whole argument and analysis centered on political developments in China and India. The Comintern had set up three pre-conditions for the acceptance of any Communist party applying for admission: adherence to the 21 points in its ‘definition of orthodox theory, the problem of erroneous beliefs and ideologies, and the attitude of a Communist party toward the Soviet Union’. In the 1930s the Arab political map was overshadowed by both French and English domination. Syria and Lebanon were French mandates.
