ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on organizations (analyzing the strategic behavior of agents and principals, employees and employers) or on macro-coordination mechanisms such as market and planning (analyzing the behavior of sellers and buyers, or planners and firms). In the ex-communist nations, a crucial problem lies in reconciling the goals of efficiency and equity that the increasingly democratized political systems are seeking to pursue. It overlaps to some extent with one of the authors previous monographs on comparative systems, although the authors have tried to keep the extent of duplication as small as possible, in part by concentrating our survey of the literature on work published since its appearance. These organizations are divided into five basic types, depending on the property rights (ownership) arrangements that govern them and the identity of those who own them: proprietary, employee-owned, resource-pooling, government-owned, and user-oriented (stakeholder firms and fiduciary organizations carrying on a public purpose).
