ABSTRACT
Energy efficiency is sometimes described as the ‘first fuel’, because increasing energy efficiency means that the same energy service (kilometres driven, level of lighting, clothes washed, hours of entertainment watched) can be delivered with less energy use. This chapter looks in detail at the energy savings and CO2 emission reductions that have been achieved through energy efficiency policies, and the further savings and reductions that could be achieved by such measures in the future. Largely drawing on UK and wider European experience, the chapter sets out the barriers to increasing energy efficiency, and how they can be overcome, in respect of industry, buildings and transport (vehicles).
