ABSTRACT
This chapter amplifies the claims, and add others, noting changes in patterns of immigration and travel, the onset of new kinds of global connections in popular culture, and a really new era in political globalization with the emergence of capacities to define global standards in a number of areas – beyond anti-slavery – and the formation of international conventions on a host of crucial topics. Globally competitive steamship operations depended on several changes which began to accumulate by 1850 or soon thereafter. Use of steel instead of wood provided a firmer basis for the engines themselves, largely eliminating leakage. A brand new entrant to formal globalization involved the emergence of organized international tourism. Obviously, travelers (including religious pilgrims) had played a key role in illustrating and furthering earlier phases of globalization, but the idea of extensive recreational travel by ordinary people rather than heroic pioneers or selected elites, particularly beyond a single region, was a crucial innovation.
