ABSTRACT
Knowledge must come through action; the readers can have no test which is not fanciful, save by trial. Testing our ideas through action is how the authors find out if they are on the right track. But there is another reason that action is a key part of learning. Action makes the learning cycle a cycle. Physical movement is needed to link our abstract mental notions with new concrete experience. Biology backs up this dual role for action in learning. Biologically, action is what happens whenever the muscles in our body move, either contracting or relaxing. Active testing can take many forms. Defending your inaction is a form of active testing. Even just reading another book on a related subject would be active testing. In fact, any use of language requires movements. Speaking requires the use and control of a large number of muscles in the face, tongue, mouth, and hands.
