ABSTRACT
The second chapter examines varieties of colonialism, considering the three areas where a colonizing nation restricts the autonomy of a colonized people—government (politics), economy, and culture. This chapter includes, for example, discussion of the degree to which there is or is not a strict division between direct and indirect rule (governance) and what difference that does or does not make. Similarly, it takes up the common distinction between assimilationist and multiculturalist policies (culture), challenging the extent and significance of difference here as well. The chapter adds a category that in effect cuts across the other three—demographics. This category includes the standard distinction between “settler” and “occupation” colonies, noting that the former may involve different degrees of settlement. It also treats cases where enslaved persons or indentured laborers have been brought to a colony against their will. These additional distinctions are consequential and result in a wider variety of configurations than is commonly acknowledged. The chapter exemplifies this complexity by reference to Israel through a short discussion of Amos Oz’s novel, My Michael. The chapter ends with some reflections on conceptually organizing postcolonization literary works. Hogan illustrates this discussion by reference to works by Tagore, Markandaya, and Balewa.
