ABSTRACT
Every international cooperative program operates within a defined organizational framework. Many alternative structures exist, each of which offers its own benefits and drawbacks. This chapter examines the principal alternative organizational forms, discusses the legal relationships for each framework, and surveys the experiences of numerous cooperative programs that have used different structures in Europe, the United States, Asia, and Russia. The chapter also addresses the issue and history of pirated intellectual property used in international programs, and traces the evolution of formal EU structures for collaborative programs among members.
contractual and legal relationships
international subcontracting
mergers and direct foreign investment
joint ventures
licensed production
teaming agreements
pirated intellectual property – unauthorized copies
international consortia
managerial and organizational structures of cooperative international consortia
the pilot-role organizational model
the cooperative organizational model
the integrated organizational model
comparative advantages of different organizational models
the creation of permanent institutions to manage international cooperative programs
the evolutionary development of the role European Union in cooperative programs
