ABSTRACT
Offsets are sometimes but not always directly involved in the process of manufacturing aircraft cooperatively but are an essential requirement of many international programs. This chapter surveys the various types of international offsets, describes how they function, and provides an overview of international agreements to regulate their use.
the nature and purpose of offset agreements
the distinction between direct and indirect offsets
categories and values of international offset commitments
co-production and subcontracting
other procurement
technology transfer
marketing assistance
financial assistance, investment, and joint ventures
offsets and commercial aerospace programs
international treaties and conventions restricting offsets
controversies involving industrial offsets
