ABSTRACT
Presidents normally present their spending proposals to Congress in January, and this has been traditionally preceded by hard bargaining in the autumn. Between 1966 and 1968 virtually 1,000 additional staff were recruited or transferred to work in the new PPB system in 21 nondefence agencies. In practice nothing like the rigour implied in the instructions was achieved. There was growing criticism of the results which fell so far short of the high claims that had been made. Planning of a less ‘systematic’ kind was not a new activity, at least for the Social Security Administration. The major innovation following the Johnson PPB ‘dictat’ was therefore the creation of an analytical team in the Office of the Secretary under an Assistant Secretary for Program Coordination, William Gorham. The administration's welfare reform plans provided for a guaranteed minimum income met out of Federal funds whether the head of household was working or not.
