ABSTRACT
“Authenticity” remains a central and complex theme in heritage evaluation. Despite controversies, it persists as a core consideration in managing heritage sites. Originating from moral philosophy, it reflects sincerity and truthfulness, guiding individuals to be true to themselves and others. In the context of capitalism, authenticity affects the value of commodities, as seen in brand protection and currency authentication. In heritage, authenticity has roots in debates over monument restoration. It emphasises material aspects, linking to the work's original fabric and creator's intent. The modern theory of restoration, notably Cesare Brandi's approach, focuses on conserving the original work's essence rather than remaking it. The concept entered international heritage with the 1964 Venice Charter, stressing aesthetic and historical value. However, authenticity faces challenges. Cultural diversity and non-material elements complicate its application, and natural heritage does not easily align with it. The Nara Document expanded authenticity to embrace varied attributes, fostering inclusivity. Yet, applying authenticity to diverse heritage types remains complex, leading to divergent interpretations. Efforts to redefine authenticity, like the Nara Document, have emerged, emphasising community involvement. Despite debates and evolving definitions, authenticity remains significant but also a barrier, at times limiting the dynamism of heritage conservation.
