ABSTRACT
The concept of “urban heritage” has evolved over time to encompass the cultural and historical significance of cities and metropolitan areas. In the past, heritage was primarily associated with individual monuments and buildings, but the recognition of the broader importance of urban environments has reshaped conservation efforts. Historically, architects and planners like Camillo Sitte and Patrick Geddes laid the foundation for valuing the historic city as a model for modern urban planning. The emergence of urban conservation led to the protection of historic city centres through policies like the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, but challenges like urban development, high-rise construction, and social displacement persist. The Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, promoted by UNESCO, advocates for integrated urban conservation that respects both cultural and natural dimensions. This approach emphasises citizen participation, the protection of townscapes, urban archaeology, and sustainable development practices. Additionally, the New Urban Agenda (NUA) from the United Nations acknowledges the role of culture and heritage in creating inclusive, resilient, and sustainable cities. International organisations like the World Bank, Interamerican Development Bank, and UN-Habitat have supported urban conservation and rehabilitation projects. These initiatives integrate heritage preservation with modern urban challenges such as climate change and economic development.
