ABSTRACT
The chapter explores the evolution of heritage's role over 200 years. Initially championed by archaeologists and architects, heritage shifted to symbolise nations and communities. Heritage's roles now encompass national identity, spiritual significance, national branding, local development, tourism, social action, social recovery, and dialogue. Heritage serves as a powerful tool for building national and local identity, with sites like Albania's Gjirokastra Castle reflecting both unity and conflict. It also connects to spiritual life, as seen in the Great Mosque of Djenné, Mali, while playing a role in national branding like China's Great Wall. Heritage drives local development, exemplified by Petra in Jordan, and influences tourism, focusing on authentic experiences. Heritage sparks social action for marginalised groups, seen in the Bear Ears National Monument struggle. It facilitates social recovery in conflict-stricken areas like Mostar. Additionally, heritage promotes dialogue and reconciliation, as showcased by Strasbourg's transformation. Understanding heritage's multifaceted functions allows for better conservation and management strategies, making diversity an integral aspect of heritage policies. This transition from universalism to diversity enriches heritage's values and experiences, emphasising its importance in shaping our shared history.
