ABSTRACT
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have played an integral role in heritage conservation since the post-World War II era. Today, heritage policies heavily rely on national and international NGOs, professional groups, and heritage associations. These organisations engage in conservation programmes, research, training, and capacity-building, often partnering with governments and the private sector. In the realm of cultural heritage, organisations like the International Council of Monuments and Sites focus on conservation expertise, while the Blue Shield works to protect cultural property in times of conflict. For natural heritage, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and organisations like BirdLife International work to protect ecosystems and endangered species. National and international partners, including the Centre for Folklife and Cultural Heritage and the British Council's Cultural Protection Fund, collaborate to extend their efforts beyond domestic borders. Local governments also contribute significantly, and international organisations like OURWORLDHERITAGE and World Heritage Watch ensure civil society's involvement in heritage conservation decision-making. To address global challenges, the corporate and private sectors are increasingly engaged through philanthropy, corporate social responsibility, and public-private partnerships. Ultimately, the role of NGOs is indispensable in heritage conservation.
