ABSTRACT
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has caused extensive human suffering and massive destruction, The transition from war to peace is by no means a modern phenomenon. The term ‘reconstruction’, associated with the aftermath of war, can be traced back to the American Civil War. Subsequently, it was embedded in the post-second world war order through the establishment of the international bank for reconstruction and development. In the last two decades, post-war recovery and stabilisation have increasingly started while countries were still suffering from violence. The successful sustained prosecution of Kyiv’s campaign to evict Russian forces from Ukrainian territory depends on the steady supply of Western armaments. However, the existing defence-industrial base and the inventiveness bred by the necessity to defend against armed aggression give Ukraine options for the future.
