ABSTRACT
International logistics is a multidisciplinary function covering a wide range of disciplines and management functions and as such the flow of goods and services happens through an international logistics channel that begins with the suppliers and ends with the ultimate clients and or consumers. It got evolved over decades of the global trade governed by the several considerations like customer satisfaction, cost and quality considerations and even environment and sustainability considerations. It got evolved from domestic logistics operation to global logistics operation. Various management methods like lean and agile management, just-in-time, vendor-managed inventory, outsourcing, decentralised logistics channel and so on were tried, tested and implemented for overall efficiency of the global logistics management system to overcome the market, financial and distribution barriers. Entry of global players and retailers has significantly improved the efficiency of global logistics operations through integration. Typical challenges also included issues like cargo safety and security for which technology-based solutions were designed.
