ABSTRACT
One consequence of dissatisfaction with modernity is the growth of populist nationalism. This implies that the “real people”, who constitute the nation, are the victims of elites who run modern institutions. Populist nationalism and fundamentalisms employ the same strategy. They provide a dominant favourable social identity (patriot and believer, respectively), and stereotype others thus establishing conflict. Their narratives both hark back to a golden age and imply that its restoration is within reach. And both depend heavily on charismatic leaders. However, fundamentalism and populism are not in league: rather, populists treat traditional religion as one of the pillars of the nation.
