ABSTRACT
The United States Voice of America, Radio Moscow, and Radio Beijing are considered to be the other principal external services in the world. Only a few countries in South America have external services, mainly because most simply cannot afford them. The Vatican operates its own external service, broadcasting to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, the Pacific Basin, Asia, and North and South America in various languages. Slovak Radio International directs its external services to North and South America, Europe, and the Pacific. Even during the bloody conflict in former Yugoslavia, Radio Yugoslavia in Belgrade broadcast its external services to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, North America, and the Pacific. Radio Ukraine directs its external services to Europe and North America, and uses Radio Moscow's relays for broader coverage. A number of even the poorer African countries have some external services that broadcast to other African nations.
