ABSTRACT
If the European Commission was historically slow to take on an active role in innovation processes, it was the Covid epidemic and the war in Ukraine that have really opened its eyes to the slowness, vulnerability and unwanted dependencies that have crept into our economy. The European industrial policy for the 21st century is a structure with which the energy and digital transitions must take shape. The backbone of this policy is the forging of alliances in which companies, knowledge institutions and local authorities share their knowledge.
