ABSTRACT
From about the eleventh century to the end of the seventh, the Greeks spread over the Mediterranean in every direction. They founded numerous colonies on the Eastern and Central Mediterranean, they reached the Euxine by the Hellespont and Bosphorus, and they made their way beyond the Strait of Messina to the Western Mediterranean. In addition to the old Greece, which had been confined to the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula, there were now, among other territories, an Asiatic Greece, covering the Ægean seaboard of Asia Minor, and a Western Greece, the cities of which were collected in the south of Italy and in the greater part of Sicily. The Ægean Sea and the Ionian Sea were embraced in the Hellenic world.
