ABSTRACT
From Germany we proceed to France and from the revisionist to the syndicalist phase of socialist thought; to syndicalism, with its positive emphasis on the trade and industrial union movement as the basis of the new industrial structure, on the producer rather than the consumer as the controlling factor in industry, and on the general strike and other forms of “direct action” as the means of social transformation; with its negative emphasis on the need for abolishing the political state and on the impotency of political action as a means of working-class emancipation.
