ABSTRACT
In the psychology of personality the controversy over the importance of the two causal influences, heredity and environment, has been settled, at least temporarily, by the recognition that both are of tremendous importance, and differences between writers tend to be more and more differences in the degree of emphasis placed on each factor. With the acceptance of both the innate characteristics of human organisms and the moulding influence of the environment has grown the custom of referring not to personality as opposed to or compared with the culture in which it develops, but to a personality-in-culture. 1 This approach to data on societies and their members has developed out of two main lines of research: work in cultural anthropology, which is closely allied to social psychology, and studies of the effects upon personality of childhood experiences. The former will be considered first.
