ABSTRACT
The use of symbols is perhaps the most characteristic and the most distinguishing attribute of the human mind. The symbolic interconnection between the earth and the human female has been caused by the biological situation and its psychological correlates. The theories of the evolutionists in anthropology would easily explain the universality of symbolism in different cultures and periods, during the same stages of development. Symbols of penis and vulva often appear in magic rites for the promotion of fertility. In ancient Athens a custom existed by which a member of an old clan, whose ancestor was supposed to have been the first who tied a bull to a plough, had to repeat the action as a sacramental rite in which the earth was fertilized symbolically by the plough in the form of a phallus. In the cosmogonies and theogonies of the cults the symbol of mother-earth occupied an important position.
