B E SID E S the position which psychoanalysis has attained as a specialized science for research and therapy, its effect upon the thought and techniques of general psychiatry has been profound. There is perhaps no discussion today among progressive psychiatrists, involving the non-organic aspects of their patients' lives, which does not imply acceptance of some of Freud's discoveries. The "unconscious," "psychogenesis," "repression," "defense mechanisms," and "ego" have become almost as much a part of the useful everyday vocabulary of the psychiatrist, psychiatric social worker, and many clinical psychologists as of analysts themselves. And the fundamental significance of childhood experience, especially the psychological derivatives of family relationships of the past in the life of the adult, and the unreasoned tendency of a neurosis to create not only specific symptoms but life-situations which reduplicate emotional difficulties of childhood, are today also accepted as fundamental by these professions. Especially is thi~ true in American psychiatry, where a primarily psychological orientation to psychiatric problems began in the first quarter of this century, and has now extended to the psychiatry of many (but not all) medical centers, psychiatric clinics, and hospitals. This approach to clinical psychiatry, with emphasis on the study of psychological de-

terminants of normal and abnormal mental and social adjustment, is widely known today as "dynamic psychiatry." It is that department of psychiatry whose central focus is the study of ideas, emotions, phantasies, conflicts, interpersonal relations, and personality development, and the manifestations of these in the conscious and unconscious experience of the individual patient.