THE direct and modified clinical application of psychoanalytic principles to the psychoneuroses and personality problems of children also became an important specialty during the 1920's. For the discovery of the continuity of conflicts from the earliest childhood years until they culminate in the neurosis analyzed in the adult had made the treatment of these problems when they first appear in childhood inevitable. We can only wonder that the revelation of such fundamental determinants of childhood-the child's mental life and growth, his infantile sexuality, the CEdipus complex, the basic emotions producing family patterns, the meaning of phantasy and play to him-should have been first understood by the analysis of the unconscious of adults, and not until a generation later confirmed by analysis of children directly.