ABSTRACT
Immigration since 1861: change in origin after 1890; immigration theory; federal policy – The restrictive acts of 1882–1917 – The quota system (1921) – Railroad expansion to 1917 – Transcontinental lines – Financial scandals: the Credit Mobilier; Jay Gould – ‘Empire builders’: Hill and Harriman – Federal regulation, 1887–1910 – The Esch-Cummins Act (1920) – General decline of inland waterways; the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Project – The motor-car.
