ABSTRACT
Relative position of the English and Portuguese nations in the beginning of the sixteenth century—Growing estrangement—Influence of Spain—Effect of the English Reformation—Commercial relations — Trade through the Low Countries—The spice trade—Direct trade—English export of cloth—Barbary trade—Sugar—English attempts at trade with the Indies and with Africa—Portuguese jealousy—Action of Philip II.—Attitude of Elizabeth—English piracies and Portuguese retaliation—Protest of English merchants against piracy — Proposed cloth staple in England—English trade with Portugal and with Barbary compared—Negotiations with Portugal concerning the African trade—Treaty of 1576
