ABSTRACT
Union of Spain and Portugal—Philip II. and the English in Portugal—Influence of commercial interests makes for peace, and of colonial interests for war—Expedition of 1589—Renewed disputes about African trade—Trade with the East Indies — Treaty of 1604 — It ignores colonial trade—Effect of treaty on home trade—Revival of the Company of Merchants trading to Spain and Portugal—Its previous charters (1530 and 1577) and history — Relative positions of London and provinces in Company—Exclusion of retail traders—Quarrel with Chester (1579 et seq.)—Effect of union of Spain and Portugal upon the Company — Trade during war — Commercial stipulations in Treaty of 1604—Grievances of English in Spain and Portugal—Renewal of the Charter of the Spanish Company, 1605 — Petitions for and against it — Nullifying Act of 1606—Movements for renewal of Company—Rivalry of mere merchants and manufacturers — Decay of trade — English traders as intermediaries between Portugal and the Eastland cities — Piracy — Cloth trade — Newfoundland fish trade—Decay of Portuguese spice trade—Rise of Brazil trade (sugar and tobacco)—Difference of Anglo-Portuguese relations in 1580 and 1640.
