ABSTRACT
Progressive intellectuals' critical publications offer bell curve counters: Morrison's Playing in the Dark, David Theo Goldberg's Racist Culture, and Lewis Gordon's Bad Faith and Antiblack Racism provide vital analyses of racism in American culture, ideology, and social consciousness. From the battles between Du Bois and Booker T. Washington at the turn of the century, through Harold Cruse's 1967 manifesto, The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual, to Cedric Robinson's 1983 scholarly text Black Marxism, the people have witnessed heated debates about the role of black intellectuals in a racist society. Although the people democratic struggles continue to splinter on a mystified, marbleized racism in a nation that denies racial dominance and reconstructs institutional repression as a past phenomenon, by democratizing American intellectualism, the people extend to all the opportunities to advance to the head of their class in social and political equality.
