The normative theological notions, the theological orthodoxies, underlying the motivations, orientations, conceptions, and practice of mission have their own history, a history of theology submerged in the outworking of all the issues just mentioned. The Christian identity of life, knowledge, communication, and action, always a matter of theological orthodoxy, is at stake at every point in the history of mission before, during, and since the Enlightenment of the West. Since theological orthodoxy has been under discussion throughout Christian history, it is not surprising that no common standard of orthodoxy is entirely shared among those responsible for missions. The orthodoxy of the Enlightenment brought two responses: the attempt to reconstitute the basis of Enlightenment views by referring them to a Christian faith redeveloped by Enlightenment methods; and the continuing endeavor to coordinate Christian faith, belief, and institutions with those emerging through the Enlightenment.