ABSTRACT
Chiang Kai-shek, who had returned to Taiwan on 10 December 1949 with Chiang Ching-kuo, resumed the presidency formally on 1 March of the New Year. Chiang Ching-kuo called Wang Sheng in March 1950 and said that he wanted him to assume a position in a new Political Work Department. In the Political Warfare scheme, all military units, down to company level, were to have Political Officers. The reasons for the revolution's defeat on the mainland, Chiang Kai-shek pointed out to Kuomintang (KMT) listeners, did not stem from any source save its own internal weaknesses. It was not intended for universal application; neither were the specifics of Political Warfare, though the basic principles involved in Political Warfare were thought to have more general application. Anything which helped communism, was antithetical to the revolution; thus counterrevolutionary, or subversive. Demands for Taiwan independence, as they caused factionalism, were subversive and of benefit to the communists.
