ABSTRACT
At the beginning, communication over long distance was very limited. Making fire and smoke, sounding a drum, shouting or screaming, hand signals, etc. were used. On many occasions, runners or horses were used to deliver a message over the distance. Pony express, the great American tradition, was a good example. As we all know, pigeons were reliable in early telecommunications. In 1815, the Rothschilds used carrier pigeons to track the progress of the battle of Waterloo.
