ABSTRACT

Consider the following two parallel paradigms, from English and Basque respectively:

(1)

Mary left

Mary didn’t leave

*Mary did leave

Mary did leave

(2)

Mari joan da

Mary left has

’Mary has left’

Mari ez da joan

Mary not has left

’Mary hasn’t left’

*Mari da joan

Mary has left

(’Mary has left’)

Mari da joan

Mary has left

’Mary has left’