ABSTRACT

The most vocal proponent of cooperative sports and games is Terry Orlick, a professor and researcher in the psychology of sport and physical activity at the University of Ottawa. By way of definition he makes this contrast between cooperative and competitive sports and games:

The main difference is that in cooperative games everybody cooperates … everybody wins … and nobody loses. Children play with one another rather than against one another. These games eliminate the fear of failure and the feeling of failure. They also reaffirm a child's confidence in himself or herself as an acceptable and worthy person. In most games (new or old) this reaffirmation is left to chance or awarded to just one winner. In cooperative games it is designed into the games themselves.